• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a fertilizer for providing sulfur from the beginning to the end of a growing season, comprising water-soluble sulfur, elemental sulfur, and a nitrification inhibitor urea fertilizer.
    公开号:AT16423U1
    申请号:TGM50200/2016U
    申请日:2016-10-04
    公开日:2019-08-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Lagerhaus Eichinger Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    FERTILIZER The invention relates to a fertilizer containing water-soluble sulfur.
    [0002] Sulfur has become almost completely meaningless as an air pollutant today. For growth, however, a plant also needs sulfur, which is only too little introduced into the arable land via the environment. However, if the plant does not have sufficient sulfur available, this leads to deficiency symptoms and metabolic disorders.
    [0003] Sulfur is therefore becoming increasingly important as a nutrient element to be added via the fertilizer.
    It is known as a fertilizer to add a nitrogen fertilizer, which is also called N fertilizer, with water-soluble sulfur. A monium-stable N fertilizer is often mixed with an N fertilizer with water-soluble sulfur and used. As a component of some amino acids, sulfur is necessary for building protein. Sulfur improves the utilization of nitrogen and is indispensable for the yield and the quality.
    However, these conventional fertilizers only contain water-soluble sulfur and therefore only supply the plant with sulfur until about the middle of the growing season. The water-soluble sulfur cannot stay in the soil and is washed out.
    Water-soluble sulfur can not be fertilized because of the risk of displacement, but must be fertilized several times according to the nutrient intake of the plants. Water-soluble sulfur remains in the soil only until it is moved down by the rain. As a rule, the water-soluble sulfur per liter of excess water, i.e. Water that can no longer be absorbed by the plant is flushed down by about one centimeter. For example, with 30 liters per square meter of rain, the water-soluble sulfur is washed out about 30 cm down. The same applies to nitrate.
    If it always rains only small amounts from day to day at the beginning of the growing season, there is no risk of washing out. However, if the proportion of water-soluble sulfur is too high, a lot of sulfur is absorbed by the plant. However, the plant only uses the sulfur that is needed at short notice. The rest is stored in a depot in the plant, but this is never called up again by the plant. This sulfur depot in the plant is completely ineffective.
    For example, a farmer is therefore forced to use a fertilizer with water-soluble sulfur, e.g. an ammonium sulfate nitrate fertilizer in order to provide the plant with sufficient nitrogen and sulfur throughout the growing season. The timing is not easy to determine because, in contrast to nitrogen, the area of latent deficiency, i.e. the range between visible deficiency and adequate supply is quite narrow. Since the sulfur can only be absorbed by the plant as needed, the rest of the water-soluble sulfur and the non-absorbed nitrate are washed out by rain in deeper layers of the earth. On the one hand, the sulfur is no longer available to the plant. On the other hand, the groundwater may be contaminated or contaminated with nitrate and sulfur sulfate inputs.
    It is therefore an object of the invention to improve a fertilizer in such a way that plant-utilizable sulfur is provided with a single fertilization from the beginning to the end of a vegetation period.
    [0010] This object is achieved by a fertilizer with the features of claim 1.
    / 7
    AT16 423U1 2019-08-15 [0011] According to the invention, in addition to water-soluble sulfur, the fertilizer also comprises elemental sulfur, that is to say sulfur with the oxidation state zero (SO). The elemental sulfur is particularly water-insoluble and is therefore not washed out.
    The fertilizer is for agriculture, especially for plants such as corn, crucifers such as e.g. Rapeseed, cabbage or the like are suitable. The fertilizer is also advantageous for cereals because the sulfur is the number of grains, i.e. fertility, as well as the baking quality, e.g. measured by the sedimentation value, favorably influenced.
    The combination of water-soluble sulfur and elemental sulfur provides a plant with sulfur from the beginning to the end of a growing season. The plant therefore always has enough sulfur available, which guarantees a permanent supply of sulfur to the plant.
    The duration of the growing season depends on the type of plant and the weather and is usually several months, in the spring, for example, around 100 to 120 days.
    Since both water-soluble sulfur and elemental sulfur are contained in the fertilizer, a single fertilization is sufficient for the entire growing season. This means that costs for repeated fertilization can be eliminated. No excess sulfur gets into the groundwater.
    [0016] The fertilizer comprises a urea fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor. The average grain diameter of the urea fertilizer can be between approximately 2 mm and 4 mm. In particular, according to the invention, a nitrogen, magnesium, phosphate, potassium and / or phosphate-potassium fertilizer can thus be combined with an elemental sulfur fertilizer and a urea fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor. The plant can be supplied with important nutrients through a single fertilization.
    Like water-soluble sulfur, nitrate nitrogen cannot stay in the soil and is washed out.
    With the urea fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor, however, the advantages of the ammonium form can be fully exploited. The urea is converted into ammonium nitrogen in a short time after application and reaching a certain soil temperature. The ammonium nitrogen is stabilized and its microbial conversion to nitrate is significantly delayed. In this way, a store of ammonium protected from relocation is created in the ground. Since plants can absorb ammonium just as well as nitrate, there is an ammonium-based diet that is controlled by plant growth as required. Higher amounts of nitrogen can be applied during fertilization without the risk of luxury consumption. Repeated fertilization is not necessary.
    The fertilization is also simplified and can be made more variable, especially since stabilized nitrogen acts safely and regardless of the weather. Even with high rainfall after fertilization, it is thus protected from washing out.
    A combination of a nitrogen fertilizer with an elemental sulfur fertilizer and a urea fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor thus makes it possible to provide stabilized nitrogen and a steady supply of sulfur during a complete growing season. Repeated fertilization is not necessary. The plant can grow from the beginning of be supplied with nitrogen and sulfur for ripening in corn or rapeseed or until the ears are pushed in the grain.
    Developments of the invention can also be found in the dependent claims and the description.
    According to one embodiment, the water-soluble sulfur comprises sulfur trioxide (SO3) or consists of it.
    Alternatively or additionally, the water-soluble sulfur comprises or consists of sulfur sulfate (SO4).
    2.7
    AT16 423U1 2019-08-15 feretfeichisches pst er I sir; i [0024] Sulfur trioxide and sulfur sulfate have the advantage that the sulfur can be easily absorbed by the plant in this form. A previous conversion, e.g. by microorganisms, is not necessary. The water-soluble sulfur is available to the plant for consumption immediately after fertilizing.
    According to a further embodiment, the fertilizer comprises an elemental sulfur fertilizer which contains the elemental sulfur. The average grain diameter of the elemental sulfur fertilizer can be between approximately 2 mm and 4 mm. The elemental sulfur fertilizer can consist exclusively of elemental sulfur or include other additives.
    For example, the elemental sulfur fertilizer can comprise between 85% and 95%, in particular 90%, elemental sulfur.
    A granulated elemental sulfur fertilizer with 90% elemental sulfur is e.g. known as Sulfogran ® 90 or Wigor ® S on the market. The elemental sulfur fertilizers differ, for example, in the fineness of grinding and the availability for microorganisms.
    According to a further embodiment, the elemental sulfur fertilizer comprises between 5% and 15%, in particular 10%, bentonite.
    Bentonite forms e.g. Clay-humus complexes that stabilize the soil structure and increase soil fertility.
    A granulated elemental sulfur fertilizer with 90% elemental sulfur and 10% bentonite is e.g. known as Schwedokal ® 90.
    [0031] The fertilizer according to the invention can consequently comprise sulfur trioxide and an elemental sulfur fertilizer. A combination of sulfur sulfate and an elemental sulfur fertilizer is also conceivable. The elemental sulfur fertilizer can also contain bentonite in addition to elemental sulfur.
    According to a further embodiment, the proportion of water-soluble sulfur is chosen such that it provides sulfur from the beginning to about the middle of the growing season. In this way, sufficient sulfur is available to the plant immediately after fertilization, which can be easily absorbed. Depending on the weather, the water-soluble sulfur contained in the fertilizer during fertilization extends up to about half of the growing season. An increase in the proportion of water-soluble sulfur in the fertilizer would also not lead to an extension of the sulfur supply, since the water-soluble sulfur is washed out in the course of the growing season and would therefore no longer be available to the plant anyway.
    According to a further embodiment, the proportion of elemental sulfur is selected such that it provides sulfur from about two weeks after application until the end of the growing season. Elemental sulfur therefore supplies the plant with sulfur, even if the water-soluble sulfur originally present in the fertilizer has been used up. A renewed fertilization with water-soluble sulfur is not necessary. The plant is therefore supplied with sulfur throughout the growing season, with a single fertilization being sufficient.
    According to a further embodiment, the elemental sulfur is designed to be converted to water-soluble sulfur. Elemental sulfur plays a central role in metabolic processes, especially energy metabolism, of some bacteria. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria oxidize the elemental sulfur to sulfur sulfate. Many of these microorganisms can store elemental sulfur in the form of spheres intracellularly and as a reserve for periods of scarce sulfur supply. Once the elemental sulfur has been converted into water-soluble sulfur, it can be easily absorbed and reused by the plant.
    [0035] The non-water-soluble elemental sulfur initially forms a stock of sulfur in the soil, which is not washed out. Only gradually the elemental sulfur is converted into the water-soluble sulfur and is directly absorbed by the plant
    3.7
    AT16 423U1 2019-08-15 feretfeichisches psteriüir ;!
    that washouts are at least substantially prevented.
    According to a further embodiment, the conversion takes place during the entire vegetation period, in particular from a soil temperature of 12 ° C. Thus, sufficient water-soluble, plant-utilizable sulfur is always made available.
    In practice, from a soil temperature of at least 12 ° Celsius, about 10% of the elemental sulfur is oxidized in sulfur sulfate by the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within about 14 days. After about 70 days, depending on the rise in soil temperature in spring, around 85% of elemental sulfur is usually converted to water-soluble sulfur. In this way, enough water-soluble sulfur is available from the middle to the end of the growing season without having to fertilize again.
    According to a further embodiment, the ratio of water-soluble sulfur to elemental sulfur is chosen such that the amount of sulfur provided is at least substantially constant over the growing season.
    According to one embodiment, the proportion of water-soluble sulfur is less than or equal to the proportion of elemental sulfur.
    According to one embodiment, the ratio of water-soluble sulfur to elemental sulfur is in a range between 30% to 70% and 50% to 50%. The water-soluble sulfur can therefore have a share of 30% to 50% of the total sulfur in the fertilizer. The elemental sulfur, however, can have a share of 50% to 70% of the total sulfur. The ratio can thus be, for example, 40% to 60% or e.g. be one to one. In this way, the plant always has sufficient water-soluble sulfur at its disposal.
    For fertilization in spring, the fertilizer can have an average of, for example, between 20 kg / ha and 40 kg / ha of total sulfur. With cereals, a smaller amount of sulfur of about 10 kg / ha to 20 kg / ha can also be sufficient.
    [0042] According to a further embodiment, the fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer. In particular, a nitrogen fertilizer can be combined with an elemental sulfur fertilizer according to the invention. However, a nitrogen fertilizer is not absolutely necessary. For example, the nitrogen can also be supplied via liquid manure.
    Since sulfur, like nitrogen, is a central building block in proteins and is also responsible for the nitrate reductase in the plant, the nitrogen can no longer be used by the plant in the case of a sulfur deficiency. In order to be able to ensure efficient nitrogen fertilization, it is advantageous to combine it with sulfur fertilization that meets the needs.
    The nitrogen fertilizer can only comprise nitrogen or additives. The average grain diameter of the nitrogen fertilizer can be between approximately 2 mm and 4 mm.
    Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer has the water-soluble sulfur.
    A combination of such a nitrogen fertilizer with an elemental sulfur fertilizer can provide both the water-soluble sulfur and the elemental sulfur.
    According to a further embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises sulfuric ammonia (SSA) or consists thereof. Sulfuric acid ammonia contains ammonium nitrogen, which e.g. less leaching compared to nitrate nitrogen. The fertilizer according to the invention can thus comprise or consist of sulfuric acid ammonia and elemental sulfur.
    According to a further embodiment, the sulfuric acid ammonia comprises between 19% and 23%, in particular 21%, ammonium nitrogen and between 22% and 26%, in particular 24%, water-soluble sulfur. These are typical values for sulfuric acid ammonia.
    4.7
    AT16 423U1 2019-08-15 feretfeichisches pst er iw [0049] According to a further embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises or consists of ammonium sulfate urea. This leads to a good fertilizing effect and increases the yield. The fertilizer according to the invention can thus comprise or consist of ammonium sulfate urea and elemental sulfur.
    Preferably, the ammonium sulfate urea comprises between 31% and 35%, in particular 33%, total nitrogen and between 10% and 14%, in particular 12%, water-soluble sulfur.
    The ammonium sulfate urea can comprise between 20% and 24%, in particular 22.6%, carbamide nitrogen and between 8% and 12%, in particular 10.4%, ammonium nitrogen. A composition of 22.6% carbamide nitrogen and 10.4% ammonium nitrogen gives the 33% total nitrogen. Such ammonium sulfate urea with 12% water-soluble sulfur is also known as Piammon ®.
    As an alternative or in addition to a nitrogen fertilizer, the fertilizer can also comprise a magnesium fertilizer. The magnesium fertilizer can only comprise magnesium or have additives.
    [0053] In particular, the magnesium fertilizer has the water-soluble sulfur.
    By combining such a magnesium fertilizer with an elemental sulfur fertilizer, both the water-soluble sulfur and the elemental sulfur can thus be provided.
    According to a further embodiment, the magnesium fertilizer comprises between 15% and 30%, in particular 25%, magnesium oxide and between 10% and 25%, in particular 20%, water-soluble sulfur. Such a magnesium fertilizer with 24% water-soluble magnesium oxide and 20% water-soluble sulfur is also known as kieserite.
    As an alternative or in addition to a nitrogen fertilizer or magnesium fertilizer, the fertilizer can also comprise a phosphate fertilizer. The phosphate fertilizer can only comprise phosphate or have additives.
    [0057] Phosphate plays a central role in the metabolism of plants.
    The phosphate fertilizer can have the water-soluble sulfur. By combining such a phosphate fertilizer with an elemental sulfur fertilizer, both the water-soluble sulfur and the elemental sulfur can thus be provided.
    According to a further embodiment, the phosphate fertilizer comprises between 3% and 15%, in particular 9%, water-soluble sulfur.
    As an alternative or in addition to a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer, the fertilizer can also comprise a potash fertilizer. The potash fertilizer can only comprise potassium or have additives.
    [0061] In particular, the potash fertilizer has the water-soluble sulfur. By combining such a potash fertilizer with an elemental sulfur fertilizer, both the water-soluble sulfur and the elemental sulfur can thus be provided.
    According to a further embodiment, the potash fertilizer comprises between 3% and 15%, in particular 12.5%, water-soluble sulfur.
    A potash fertilizer with 40% potassium oxide and 12.5% sulfur trioxide or 4% water-soluble sulfur is also known as Korn-Kali ®.
    As an alternative or in addition to a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer, the fertilizer can also comprise a phosphate potash fertilizer.
    [0065] In particular, the phosphate-potassium fertilizer has the water-soluble sulfur. By combining such a phosphate-potassium fertilizer with an elemental sulfur
    5.7
    AT16 423U1 2019-08-15
    Both the water-soluble sulfur and the elemental sulfur can thus be provided as fertilizers.
    According to a further embodiment, the phosphate potash fertilizer comprises between 3% and 7% water-soluble sulfur. In particular, the phosphate-potassium fertilizer can have a proportion between 5% and 15% of mineral acid-soluble phosphate. The proportion of potassium oxide can be between 20% and 40%.
    According to a further embodiment, the urea fertilizer comprises 46% carbamide nitrogen. Such a urea fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor is also known as Alzon ®.
    The nitrification inhibitor can comprise or consist of dicyandiamide, triazole, allylthiourea and / or nitrapyrin. In particular, the nitrification inhibitor can be formed as a mixture of dicyandiamide and 1H-1,2,4 triazole.
    [0069] These nitrification inhibitors have good inhibitory properties.
    In the fertilizer according to the invention, the nitrogen can act mainly in ammonium form over the entire growing season, that is from the beginning of the growing season until the ears are pushed or the grain ripens. In parallel, the water-soluble sulfur can be effective from the beginning to the middle of the growing season. During this time the elemental sulfur in the soil can convert from the microorganisms to water-soluble sulfur, e.g. Sulfur sulfate, are oxidized and are therefore available to the plant after around two weeks until the end of the growing season.
    6.7
    AT16 423U1 2019-08-15
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    Expectations
    1. Fertilizers comprising water-soluble sulfur, elemental sulfur, and a urea fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor.
    [2]
    2. Fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-soluble sulfur comprises sulfur sulfate.
    [3]
    3. Fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fertilizer comprises an elemental sulfur fertilizer, in particular with a grain diameter between about 2mm and 4 mm, comprising the elemental sulfur and, in particular between 5% and 15% by weight, bentonite.
    [4]
    4. Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a nitrogen fertilizer, a magnesium fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and / or a phosphate-potash fertilizer.
    [5]
    5. Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the urea fertilizer comprises 46% carbamide nitrogen.
    [6]
    6. Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nitrification inhibitor comprises dicyandiamide, triazole, allylthiourea and / or nitrapyrin.
    [7]
    7. Fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that the nitrification inhibitor is formed as a mixture of dicyandiamide and 1H-1,2,4-triazole.
    No drawings for this
    7.7
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    引用文献:
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    DE4029736A1|1990-09-20|1992-03-26|Pro Mineral Ges|PIECE OF SOIL ADDITIVE FOR SUPPLYING PLANTS WITH NITROGEN AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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